| 翻訳と辞書 |
| GENESIS (software) ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
GENESIS (software)
GENESIS (The ''GEneral NEural SImulation System'') is a simulation environment for constructing realistic models of neurobiological systems at many levels of scale including subcellular processes, individual neurons, networks of neurons, and neuronal systems. These simulations are “computer-based implementations of models whose primary objective is to capture what is known of the anatomical structure and physiological characteristics of the neural system of interest”〔(Bower, Beeman, and Hucka. GENESIS Simulation Software. 1998)〕 GENESIS is intended to quantify the physical framework of the nervous system in a way that allows for easy understanding of the physical structure of the nerves in question. “At present only GENESIS allows parallelized modeling of single neurons and networks on multiple-instruction-multiple-data parallel computers.”〔(A consumer guide to neuronal modeling software TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES 15: 462-464, 1992 Copyright © Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd, (UK), 1992 E. De Schutter Division of Biology 216-76, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA)〕 Since its inception, development of GENESIS software has since spread from its home at Caltech to labs at the University of Texas at San Antonio, the University of Antwerp, the National Centre for Biological Sciences in Bangalore, the University of Colorado, the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, the San Diego Supercomputer Center, and Emory University.
For more detailed information about this software, visit (Scholarpedia GENESIS page ) or (GENESIS website )
==Neurons and Neural Systems==
GENESIS works by creating simulation environments for constructing models of neurons or neural systems. "Nerve cells are capable of communicating with each other in such a highly structured manner as to form neuronal networks. To understand neural networks, it is necessary to understand the ways in which one neuron communicates with another through synaptic connections and the process called synaptic transmission".〔(Introduction to Neurons and Neuronal Networks John H. Byrne, Ph.D., Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The UT Medical School at Houston)〕 Neurons have a specialized structure for their function. They "are different from most other cells in the body in that they are polarized and have distinct morphological regions, each with specific functions".〔 The two important regions of a neuron are the dendrite and the axon. "Dendrites are the region where one neuron receives connections from other neurons. The cell body or soma contains the nucleus and the other organelles necessary for cellular function. The axon is a key component of nerve cells over which information is transmitted from one part of the neuron (e.g., the cell body) to the terminal regions of the neuron".〔 The third important piece of a neuron is the synapse "The synapse is the terminal region of the axon and it is here where one neuron forms a connection with another and conveys information through the process of synaptic transmission".〔
Neural networks like the ones simulated with GENESIS Software can quickly become highly complex and difficult to understand. "Just a few interconnected neurons (a microcircuit) can perform sophisticated tasks such as mediate reflexes, process sensory information, generate locomotion and mediate learning and memory." Even more complex networks, macrocircuits, consist of multiple embedded microcircuits. Macrocircuits mediate higher brain functions such as object recognition and cognition".〔 GENESIS endeavors to simulate neural systems as they are found in nature. Often, "a neuron can receive contacts from up to 10,000 presynaptic neurons, and, in turn, any one neuron can contact up to 10,000 postsynaptic neurons. The combinatorial possibility could give rise to enormously complex neuronal circuits or network topologies, which might be very difficult to understand".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「GENESIS (software)」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|